Utshintsho oluNcinane oluHlanu lokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezityalo

Utshintsho oluNcinane oluHlanu lokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezityalo

Iindleko zamandla okuqhuba isitshixo sombane kwiminyaka elishumi ubuncinci buphinda-phindwe ngama-30 kunexabiso lokuqala elithengiweyo. Ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla kuxanduva lobuninzi beendleko zobomi bonke, uMarek Lukaszczyk wemoto kunye nomvelisi wedrive, WEG, uchaza iindlela ezintlanu zokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla emoto. Okuvuyisayo kukuba, utshintsho kwisityalo akufuneki lube lukhulu ukuze ufumane ukonga. Uninzi lwezi nguqu ziya kusebenza kunye neenyawo zakho ezikhoyo kunye nezixhobo.

Iinjini ezininzi zombane ezisetyenziswayo zinokusebenza okuphantsi okanye azilingani ngokufanelekileyo kwisicelo. Yomibini imiba ibangela ukuba iimoto zisebenze nzima kunokuba zifuna, zisebenzisa amandla amaninzi kwinkqubo. Ngokufanayo, iimotor ezindala zinokuba ziye zaphinda zatshatyalaliswa amaxesha ambalwa ngexesha lokulondolozwa, nto leyo enciphisa ukusebenza kwazo kakuhle.

Enyanisweni, kuqikelelwa ukuba i-motor ilahlekelwa yipesenti enye ukuya kweyesibini ngokufanelekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha isongiwa. Kuba usetyenziso lwamandla luthatha i-96 pesenti yeendleko zomjikelo wobomi bemoto, ukuhlawula okongeziweyo kwiprimiyamu esebenzayo yemoto kuya kubangela imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali kubomi bayo.

Kodwa ukuba i-motor iyasebenza, kwaye sele isebenza amashumi eminyaka, ngaba kufanelekile ukuyiphucula? Ngomboneleli wemoto ofanelekileyo, inkqubo yokuphucula ayiphazamisi. Ishedyuli echazwe kwangaphambili iqinisekisa ukuba utshintshiselwano lweemoto luqhutywa ngokukhawuleza kunye nexesha elincinci lokunciphisa. Ukukhetha ushicilelo olusemgangathweni lweenyawo kunceda ukulungisa le nkqubo, njengoko uyilo lwefektri lungasayi kufuna kutshintshwe.

Ngokucacileyo, ukuba unamakhulu eenjini kwindawo yakho, akunakwenzeka ukuba uzibuyisele endaweni enye. Kujolisa kwiinjini ebeziphantsi kokubuyiselwa umva kuqala kwaye ucwangcise ishedyuli yotshintsho kwisithuba seminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu ukunqanda ukwehla okukhulu.

Abenzi boluvo bokusebenza kweemoto

Ukugcina iimotor zisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo, abaphathi bezityalo banokufaka iisensom ze-retrofit. Ngeemethrikhi ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokungcangcazela kunye nobushushu obubekwe esweni ngexesha lokwenyani, olwakhelwe kuhlalutyo lolondolozo oluqikelelweyo luya kuchonga iingxaki ezizayo phambi kokusilela. Ngezicelo ezisekelwe kwinzwa yedatha yemoto ikhutshwa kwaye ithunyelwe kwi-smartphone okanye ithebhulethi. Ngapha eBrazil, omnye umzi-mveliso uphumeze obu bugcisa kwiinjini eziqhuba oomatshini bokujikeleza komoya abafanayo. Xa iqela lolondolozo lafumana isilumkiso sokuba elinye linamazinga okungcangcazela aphezulu kunomqobo owamkelekileyo, ukuphaphela kwalo okuphakamileyo kwabenza bakwazi ukusombulula ingxaki.

Ngaphandle koku kuqonda, ukuvalwa kwefektri ngokungalindelekanga bekunokwenzeka. Kodwa kuphi ukonga amandla kule meko ikhankanywe ngasentla? Okokuqala, ukonyuka kokungcangcazela kukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Iinyawo eziqinileyo ezidityanisiweyo kwimoto kunye nokuqina koomatshini kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukungcangcazela okuncinci. Ngokusombulula ukusebenza okungeyona ilungileyo ngokukhawuleza, le nkcitho yamandla igcinwe isezantsi.

Okwesibini, ngokuthintela ukuvalwa kwefektri epheleleyo, iimfuno eziphezulu zamandla ukuqalisa kwakhona bonke oomatshini bezingafunwa.

Faka iziqalisi ezithambileyo

Kumatshini kunye neenjini ezingaqhubekiyo, abaphathi bezityalo kufuneka bafakele iziqalisi ezithambileyo. Ezi zixhobo zinciphisa okwethutyana umthwalo kunye ne-torque kuloliwe wamandla kunye nokunyuka kombane kwangoku kwemoto ngexesha lokuqalisa.

Kucinge oku njengokuba ukwirobhothi ebomvu. Ngelixa unokubethelela unyawo lwakho kwi-pedal yegesi xa ukukhanya kujika kuluhlaza, uyazi ukuba le yindlela engasebenziyo kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini wokuqhuba-kwaye kuyingozi.

Ngokufanayo, kwizixhobo zoomatshini, ukuqala kancinci kusebenzisa amandla amancinci kwaye kukhokelela kuxinzelelo oluncinci lomatshini kwi-motor kunye ne-shaft. Kubude bobomi benjini, isiqalisi esithambileyo sibonelela ngogcino lweendleko olubalelwa kukuncipha kweendleko zamandla. Ezinye iziqalisi ezithambileyo zikwazakhelwe kusetyenziso lwamandla oluzenzekelayo. Efanelekileyo kwizicelo ze-compressor, i-soft starter igweba iimfuno zomthwalo kwaye ilungelelanise ngokufanelekileyo ukugcina inkcitho yamandla ibe yincinci.

Sebenzisa isantya esitshintshayo (VSD)

Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yi-variable frequency drive (VFD) okanye i-inverter drive, ii-VSD zilungelelanisa isantya semoto yombane, ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zesicelo. Ngaphandle kolu lawulo, inkqubo imane iqhobosheka xa kufuneka amandla amancinci, ikhuphe amandla amoshekileyo njengobushushu. Kwisicelo somlandeli, umzekelo, ii-VSDs zinciphisa ukuhamba komoya ngokweemfuno, kunokuba zinqumle ukuhamba komoya ngelixa zihleli kumthamo omkhulu.

Dibanisa i-VSD ene-super-premium ye-efficient motor kunye neendleko ezincitshisiweyo zamandla ziya kuthetha ngokwazo. Kwizicelo zokupholisa kwinqaba umzekelo, ukusebenzisa iW22 IE4 super premium motor ene-CFW701 HVAC VSDxa ilinganiswe ngokufanelekileyo, ibonelela ngokunciphisa iindleko zamandla ukuya kuma-80% kunye nokongiwa kwamanzi okuphakathi kwama-22%.

Ngelixa ummiselo wangoku uxela ukuba iimotor ze-IE2 kufuneka zisetyenziswe kunye ne-VSD, oku kube nzima ukunyanzelisa kulo lonke ishishini. Oku kuchaza ukuba kutheni le migaqo iya isiba ngqongqo. Ukusukela nge-1 kaJulayi 2021, iinjini zesigaba esithathu ziya kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho ye-IE3, nokuba zeziphi na izongezo ze-VSD.

Utshintsho luka-2021 lukwabambe ii-VSDs kwimigangatho ephezulu, inika eli qela lemveliso iireyithingi ze-IE kakhulu. Baya kulindeleka ukuba bahlangabezane nomgangatho we-IE2, nangona i-IE2 drive ayibonisi ukusebenza ngokulinganayo kwemoto ye-IE2 - ezi ziinkqubo zokulinganisa ezahlukeneyo.

Zisebenzise ngokupheleleyo ii-VSDs

Ukufakela i-VSD yenye into, ukuyisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo kuyenye into. Ii-VSD ezininzi zigcwele iimpawu eziluncedo abangazaziyo abaphathi bezityalo. Ukusetyenziswa kwempompo ngumzekelo omhle. Ukuphatha ulwelo kunokuba nesiphithiphithi, phakathi kokuvuza kunye namanqanaba asezantsi olwelo, kukho okuninzi okunokonakala. Ulawulo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi luvumela ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo ngakumbi kweenjini ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zemveliso kunye nokufumaneka kolwelo.

Ukufunyaniswa kombhobho owaphukileyo ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-VSD kunokuchonga iindawo zokuvuza kwamanzi kunye nokulungelelanisa ukusebenza kwemoto ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongezelela, ukufumanisa impompo eyomileyo kuthetha ukuba ulwelo luyaphela, i-motor ivaliwe ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye isilumkiso sempompo esomileyo sikhutshwe. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, i-motor iyanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwamandla xa kufuneka amandla amancinci ukuphatha izixhobo ezikhoyo.

Ukuba usebenzisa iimotor ezininzi kwisicelo sempompo, ulawulo lwempompo yejoki lunokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kweenjini ezinobungakanani obahlukeneyo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba imfuno ifuna nje injini encinci ukuba isetyenziswe, okanye indibaniselwano yemoto encinci kunye nenkulu. I-Pump Genius inika ukuguquguquka okwandisiweyo ukuze usebenzise eyona njini yobungakanani obufanelekileyo kumyinge wokuqukuqela onikiweyo.

Ii-VSD zinokwenza ukucocwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwe-impeller yemoto, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-deragging iqhutyelwa rhoqo. Oku kugcina injini ikwimeko efanelekileyo eneziphumo ezilungileyo ekusebenzeni kombane.

Ukuba awonwabanga ukuhlawula amatyeli angama-30 exabiso lemoto kumatyala ombane kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi, lixesha lokuba wenze ezinye zezi nguqu. Ayizukwenzeka ngobusuku nje obunye, kodwa isicwangciso sobuchule esijolise kwezona ndawo zibuhlungu zingasebenziyo ziya kubangela izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo zokonga amandla.